John Maynard Keynes The Father Of Macroeconomics

Abstract John Maynard Keynes, also known as the ‘Father of Macroeconomics’, is a twentieth century economist, whose impact on economic theories has proven substantial contribution to reconstructing of economical values. He had influential individuals who helped intrigue and develop his interests in economic. Keynes interests were beyond economics; he took active stance on proposing post-war monetary funds, important for Germany’s reparation and reconstruction funds after World War II. Through his different opportunities and bureaucracy, Keynes developed theories, for which he believed is vital to establishing economies. (â€Å"Keynes†, 1968). Introduction John Maynard Keynes (1883 – 1946), an economist with a liberal approach to†¦show more content†¦(Hofmann, 2010). Influences Keynes important influences include his family Arthur Pigou and Alfred Marshall. Keynes parents John Neville Keynes and Florence Ada Keynes, helped foster Keynes interest in mathematics and economics from a young age. John Neville Keynes, being an economist and lecturer contributed both moral and financial support to Keynes, even during the Great Depression and in Keynes return to Cambridge in 1908. (Keynes, 2015). Arthur Pigou and Alfred Marshall are prominent economists at Cambridge, whose writings on the quantity theory of money were the foundations to Keynes’s Tract on Monetary Reform. (â€Å"Keynes†, 2008). Economic Impact Wolf (2008) stated that Keynes the â€Å"father of macroeconomics† has relevant values that are still applicable to today’s society and provides an outlet during financial crisis. Wolf (2008) mentioned three Keynes values as: the pretension of financiers should not be taken seriously creating ‘efficient markets’, the economy cannot be analyzed in the same method as an individual business and the economy should not be treated as a morality tale. Wolf emphasis of Keynes economic impact was to economy as a whole system that has different outlets and within those outlets are governing bodies that contributesShow MoreRelatedThe Economic Life Of John Maynard Keynes1155 Words   |  5 PagesThe Economic Life of John Maynard Keynes Morgan State University Julius Sesay Social Science 101.002 Prof. J Mohan October 4, 2016 Abstract According to my studies, I’m going to talk about John Maynard Keynes and his economic life. He is one of the most recognizable and influential economist of the 20th Century. For my research, I was summarizing about the life-term history of the world’s brilliant economist, who made economics possible. The paper will be about howRead MoreClassical and Neoclassical Economists: Adam Smith and John Maynard Keynes1289 Words   |  6 Pagesto the classical economists and the neoclassical economists. The two most influential economists that helped to shape our economy with their thoughts and theories that are still used in modern economy are Adam Smith a classical economist and John Maynard Keynes a neoclassical economist. These two economists are the most famous economists of all times. Even though that its known that their thoughts are opposites to one and other they also share some similarities for example as suggested by (StephenRead MoreJohn Maynard Keynes Contribution to the Theories of Macroeconomics805 Words   |  3 PagesMacro Questions Part I Describe John Maynard Keynes contribution to the theories of Macroeconomics. Why was he such an important economist? Discuss the theories of two other 20th century economists who made a significant contribution to the study of economics. 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During the establishment of the ideas of America, our founding fathers said this, â€Å"All men are created equal† moreover, our Declaration of Independence says that all Americans are entitled to, â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness†. Not just to one particular kind of person, but to all people. Unfortunately, peopleRead MoreChoosing A Presidential Candidate : The Future President Will Do For The Country1826 Words   |  8 PagesGenerally there are several key positions voters focus on when selecting a presidential candidate. Whether they release it or not, macroeconomics take a key in their thoughts by defining candidates based on positions of unemployment, income, and inflation. Many believe that voter support is based on differentiating viewpoints of past, present, and future economic conditions. For the most part, voters position themselves on one side or the other of the same coin. There is one side of the coinRead MoreIs Voter Support A Presidential Candidate?1795 Words   |  8 PagesOVERVIEW Generally there are several key positions voters focus on when selecting a presidential candidate. Whether they release it or not, macroeconomics take a key in their thoughts by defining candidates based on positions of unemployment, income, and inflation. Many believe that voter support is based on differentiating viewpoints of past, present, and future economic conditions. For the most part, voters position themselves on one side or the other of the same coin. There is one side ofRead MoreCauses and Effects of Unemployment2314 Words   |  10 Pagesunemployment. To reduce cyclical unemployment, many economists believe that aggregate demand must increase. John Maynard Keynes, regarded as the father of macroeconomics, believed that an increase in non-price level determinants (ex. government spending) causes the demand curve to shift right leading to a higher aggregate demand, which leads to the employment level rising. (Tucker, 2008) [pic] Using Keynes theory, we can reach full employment. Full employment is not a situation where every person is employedRead MoreEconomics12898 Words   |  52 Pagescity-states, the word became known or was referred to as â€Å"state management†. Consequently, the term, â€Å"management of household† now pertains to the microeconomics branch of economics, while the phrase â€Å"state management† presently refers to the macroeconomics branch of economics (Fajardo 1977). Because of its far reaching significance, in the early years, economics covered other scholarly fields, such as religion, philosophy, and political science. Ceteris Paribus Assumption The assumption of â€Å"Ceteris

Criminology Criminal Justice System - 1028 Words

Criminology Defined: An In Depth Look Of The Criminal Justice System In The U.S. Criminology, as defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, written by the author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., is â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). Criminology, in itself, has a wide variety of function in treating crime and providing punishment to those who commit the crimes here in the U.S. Since crime increases with the population growth, more policies are being given to law makers, which changes the perspective in how the Criminal Justice system works. Due to the increase in crimes, new laws are made to help reduce the crimes in order to minimize the threat of increasing the crimes that are being committed. The Criminal Justice system offers a wide area of responsibilities that houses different types of functions which helps in the fulfillment of accomplishing the tasks needed for a better, well organized running of the Criminal Justice system. In the old Western times, when cowboys and gunslingers used to roam the country with their horses, crime was hard to detect due to the lack of proper law enforcing. Many people died with their bodies lost within time, criminals roam free, and people were suffering from high crime rates as there was no enforcing that was done during those early days. Even though policing has existed throughout history, from the Roman era ofShow MoreRelatedCriminology And The Criminal Justice System824 Words   |  4 PagesAs it pertains to the last ten years, Criminology and its relevance to the criminal justice system has been taught internationally to a number of students seeking employment within the criminal justice field. Criminology (as a whole) is a comprehensive study of criminal behavior, crime as a social matter, and criminal conduct. This is best explained in Stout’s book titled Applied Criminology when it is stated that â€Å"Different criminological theories emerge from different contexts, are shaped by differentRead MoreCriminology : Criminal Justice System1117 Words   |  5 PagesCriminology Defined: An in Depth Look of the Criminal Justice System in the U.S. Criminology is defined by the book Criminal Justice: A Brief Introduction, which was written by author Dr. Frank Schmalleger, Ph.D., as â€Å"the scientific study of the causes and prevention of crime and the rehabilitation and punishment of offenders† (Schmalleger, 2006, p. 20). 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Through criminal justice systems, people’s conducts are judged according to guiding laws and principles and those found guilty are punished for their crimes. Criminological enterprise In the above context, criminology therefore refers to the scientific approach to studying criminal behavior. Apparently, every crime committed is usually motivated by different factors. For instance, some peopleRead MoreA Comparative Study of the Field Criminal Justice and Criminology1314 Words   |  6 PagesFields Criminal Justice and Criminology Javier Landa-Miranda Ivy Tech Community College CRIM 101 What is Criminal Justice and what is Criminology? They are the same? Those are the questions that people ask their selves when they talk about those fields. There might be many controversies about the differences and similarities about Criminal Justice and Criminology. People must think that these two fields are totally different or just the same thing. The reality is that Criminal Justice and CriminologyRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Theory Integration1050 Words   |  5 Pagestwo theories are relaying the same message with different opinions. Another advantage is that integration brings consistency to theories Future of Theory Integration Theory integration requires goals in order to make an impact on the future of criminology. According to Muftic (2009), the first goal of integration is theory reduction. Reducing the number of theories that basically explain the same behavior reduces the competition amongst researchers as well as inconsistency in theories. A second goalRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1700 Words   |  7 PagesIn order for the Criminal Justice System to effectively deter crime, it is imperative to understand what causes crime, understand why crime exists and why offenders engage in criminal behaviour. In the 18th century criminologists such as Jeremy Bentham, Cesare Bonesana-Beccaria and Cesare Lombroso all established criminological theories, in an attempt to achieve this goal. The most influential theories are known as the Classical and Positivist perspectives. Both of these theories have had a long-termRead MoreCriminology And The Scientific Study Of Crime And Criminals767 Words   |  4 Pages1. What is criminology and which scientific areas does it borrow from? Criminology is the scientific study of crime and criminals including its causes. It is a sub-group of sociology which is the scientific study of social behavior. Criminology uses several fields of study, including psychology, psychiatry, statistics, and anthropology. 2. What is meant by valid and reliable statistics? A valid statistic measures facts. 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Through understanding the reasons or why an individual commits a crime, one can come up with ways to prevent and control crime or rehabilitate criminals. There exist a large number of criminology theories, some link crime to an individual or person; they believe a person weighs the cons and pros and makes a conscious decision on whether to

The Ideal Late 1700 Woman Free Essays

The Ideal late 1700 Woman Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray were women from the late 1700s who had their own image of the ideal woman. Susanna Rowson’s Charlotte: A Tale of Truth and Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes were written to educate, inform, and to guide women in the right path. Murray and Rowson hoped to change the way women were being seduced by men and the way they were viewed by society and themselves, Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray saw women’s roles in the early United States similar. We will write a custom essay sample on The Ideal Late 1700 Woman or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the 1700s women had a basic education of reading and writing and most were trained to become mothers and house wives. Women’s job was to take care of the children at home, cook, clean, and do housework; they were kept from the world. They had no say in politics, government, or legal issues unless their husband allowed them to do so behind the scenes. Susanna Rowson’s motive in writing Charlotte was pure, she wrote â€Å"If the following tale should save one hapless fair one from the errors which ruined poor Charlotte, or rescue from impending misery the heart of one anxious parent, I shall feel a much higher gratification in reflecting on this trifling performance, than could possibly result from the applause which might attend he most elegant finished piece of literature whose tendency might deprave the heart or mislead the understanding. † Rowson wrote Charlotte to try to change the way young women were educated. I believe she wanted parents to teach their daughters that they should listen and pay attention to the advice her parents give her, but also to teach them of the consequences can come if they decide to go in their own path instead of what her parents had planned for her. Susanna Rowson apologized for her novel because everyone expected a happy ending but received the opposite. When Charlotte’s father was on his way for her from England, she passed away after she gave birth to her illegitimate daughter Lucy Temple. Many questioned, why did Charlotte have to die? Rowson wrote, â€Å"The mind of the youth eagerly catches at promised pleasure and innocent by nature, it thinks not of the dangers lurking beneath those pleasures, till too late to avoid them. † I believe the reason Rowson did this was to try to teach young women that there are pros and cons in every decision they make. Rowson’s intentions were to guide young women live the ideal life she believed was meant for a women in the late 1700s. Mademoiselle La Rue’s life was one she approved of; she â€Å"had eloped from a onvent with a young officer, and, on coming to England, had lived with several different men in open defiance of all moral and religious duties†. Even though La Rue had been with several men she was strong and never allowed men to stray away from her path. Mademoiselle had never been seduced by a man. Susanna Rowson’s believed in order for a young women to grow up and have the ideal life, she should not only listen to her parents but also do as they say. Women in the 1700s were only given a basic education and trained to be housewives. Judith Sargent Murray’s On the Equality of the Sexes was written to give women the education they deserved and needed. Murray felt that women were capable of doing more than housework; she believed they could do the same as men if not to be better than them. To prove that women and men were equal and should be getting the same education she questions, â€Å"May not the intellectual powers be ranged under these four heads- imagination, reason, memory, and judgment? † As the Enlighten women she gave evidence to everything she said or wrote. She proved that men and women had the same capability to imagine. She wrote â€Å"but as proofs of a creative faculty, of a lively imagination†, Murray’s evidence that women had an imagination was gossiping. If women didn’t have an imagination how would they be able to come up with such interesting rumors and gossip? Murray goes on to say, â€Å"Are we deficient in reason? We can only reason from what we know, and if an opportunity of acquiring knowledge hath been denied us, the inferiority of our sex cannot fairly be deduced from thence. † She is saying if they teach women physics, psychology, and other subjects besides the basics they can prove they have the same power of reasoning as men. She then proves that women also have the power of memory, because women memorize stories and share them with others. Murray wrote, â€Å"Female would become discreet, their judgment would be invigorated, and their partners for life being circumspectly chosen, an unhappy Hymen would then be as rare as is now the reverse. † She believed if women had the same education as men, women would be not only smart but also better wives. Murray believed that everyone was born equal but society taught them that they were different. To prove that equality is given by nature she questions, â€Å"Will it be said that the judgment of a male of two year old is more sage than that of a female’s of the same age? † She compared two year olds to prove that they are equal until they get to school. Once in school society doesn’t allow women to have the same opportunity to learn. They are automatically put in different schools where they are taught different material. She goes on to say â€Å"How is the one exalted and the other depressed by the contrary modes of education which are adopted! The one is taught to aspire and the other is early confined and limited. Women are limited and that is why they do not have the same knowledge as men do. She believed women should not only get educated on not being seduced by men but also felt that they should have the same education as men. Murray believed women should have the same opportunity as men in society. Women should be able to independently provide for themselves, but due to lack of education they were not allowed to do so. Murray brings religion into her essay when she writes, â€Å"our souls by nature equal to yours; the same breath of God animates, enlivens, and invigorates us†. She proves that men are no different from women when they came into this world. God took the same breath into both men and women so what makes men better? Susanna Rowson and Judith Sargent Murray both intended to reach, like Rowson wrote, the â€Å"young and thoughtless of the fair sex†. When she wrote Charlotte: A Tale of Truth, she wanted to protect vulnerable young women from doing the wrong thing. She wrote, â€Å"Oh my dear girls—for to such only am I writing—listen not to the voice of love, unless sanctioned by paternal approbation: be assured, it is now past the days of romance. Rowson felt that women should know some of the basics to protect themself from rakes, and wanted to teach them to marry the right man. She felt as if young women were easily seduced by men. She warns the reader by writing â€Å"In affairs of love, a young heart is never in more danger than when attempted by a handsome young soldier. † For example, Charlotte decided to rebel against her parents and became romantically involved with Montraville, a man her parents disapproved of. Charlotte was a young naive 15 year old girl that got seduced by an attractive man that promised â€Å"the world† to her. He promised to marry her but instead, took her to New York, and then he abandoned her and their unborn child. Charlotte’s fate went bad when she decided to follow her heart instead of her parents. She was seduced and betrayed by the man she fell deeply in love with, this is what Rowson was trying to prevent in the lives of her young readers. In Part II of Judith Sargent Murray’s essay she wrote, â€Å"Praise is sweet to the soul; we are immediately intoxicated by large draughts of flattery, which being plentifully administered, is to the pride of our hearts the most acceptable incenses. In Murray’s essay she writes that women were seduced by men with their intellectuals. She felt that women should be educated on how not to be tempted when a man tried to seduce her. Rowson and Murray both believed that women should be educated on how to avoid falling into temptation and how to save their reputation. In the late 1700’s women were seen as the temptress and p unished for seducing men. But why is it okay that men are allowed to tempt women and get away with it? In Charlotte, Rowson tries to inform everyone that men are the temptress, not women. Charlotte falls for Montraville’s lies and betrayal because she had sympathy for him. Rowson stopped her story to put her input about women being too compassionate, â€Å"when once she has lost sight of the basis on which reputation, honor, everything that should be dear to the female heart, rest, she grows hardened in guilt, will spare no pains to bring ceeds from that diabolical spirit of envy†. Men know that once women start feeling sympathy for someone they drop the wall that they was there to protect them from becoming the fallen woman, Rowson and Murray wanted this to change. Judith Sargent Murray and Susanna Rowson were smart women that wanted young women to be educated. They differed on their opinions on how much education a woman should have. Murray believed that women should have the same education as men, and Rowson believed there was a limit on the amount of education a woman should receive. Both believed that young women should be educated to the extent where they did not fall into temptation and be marked as a temptress. In their stories they gave proof of what they believed should be done and why. How to cite The Ideal Late 1700 Woman, Papers

How does Shakespeare and Duffy approach the theme of love Essay Example For Students

How does Shakespeare and Duffy approach the theme of love Essay Shakespeare is a 16th century poet and compared to Duffy a 20th century poet their approach to love is both similar and different. They each write about love in a different way and use some of the same images of love. The two Shakespearean sonnets deal with love in very contrasting ways. Sonnet 18 follows the traditional methods of using exaggerated comparisons. He compares the object of his love to a summers day which makes us think of warmth, happiness- a perfect day, to suggest that she is the perfect lady. However he says that she is more lovely and temperate which in a way flatters her. He approaches love in a fantasy way and suggests that their relationship as though it is, is the most wonderful thing in the world. She is only being compared to the best things in life, things like summer and heaven, but her summer shall not fade. In other words, she will stay beautiful forever, unlike real summer itself, which eventually turn into winter. Although this flatters her, it is definitely not reality. It is rather exaggerated, making his praise of her hard to believe. He even says at the end of the poem that the fact that she is described in his sonnet will make her eternal: she will live for as long as people read the poem. She might know that technically his praise is not true, but be flattered by it and love him even more. On the other hand the images in sonnet 130 are more negative, even if they are true. The cheeks of his love are not like any roses he has seen, her hair is compared to black wires, her eyes are nothing like the sun (unlike in sonnet 18) and she does not walk on air like a goddess. He even says her breath reeks and her voice sounds nothing like music. This is not at all flattering, but it is the truth. Sonnet 18 may have been written just to please his love, whereas sonnet 130 is more believable and sincere because it is honest. The last two lines of sonnet 130 round because it is clear that he really does love her, describing her as rare. He suggests that to compare in an exaggerated way, as in sonnet 18 would be false. I think that sonnet 130 suggests, that he really knows the woman. He does not flatter her; he knows that she knows he loves her for her inner self, not for her outer appearance. Shakespeares approach to love in this sonnet is more real and truth than his sonnet 18. In Valentine, Duffy does not use the normal modern expressions of love, a red rose, or satin heart, or a cute card or kissogram. She compares love to an onion. Although the romantic word moon is mentioned, it refers to the shape of the rings you see if an onion is sliced open. Onions make you cry, as love does sometimes. Just like Shakespeare in sonnet 130, she is being honest and realistic- she actually says I am trying to be truthful, not giving false or exaggerated ideas of love. Duffy hint towards marriage when she mentions a wedding ring (again coming from the onion rings) and the words possessive and faithful are positive showing that they do love each other but for as long as we are suggests that one day they might grow apart. Duffys approach to love is realistic in Valentine and although she believes in love she also think people may grow apart, without their relationship being eternal. .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d , .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .postImageUrl , .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d , .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d:hover , .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d:visited , .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d:active { border:0!important; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d:active , .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ucf5b1fc4d6ff0b9527224dade424ed3d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Reason I Love Hawaii EssayThe words lethal and knife seem quite negative, perhaps their love will die in time. Perhaps the love is hurting her. It is a realistic poem, and the strong scent, which clings to your fingers, reminds me of the reek in sonnet 130. In Words, Wide Night Duffy, unlike in Valentine, she finds it hard to describe love in words as it is an emotion hard to explain. There is also a moon in this poem, representing traditional comparisons used to express love, but here the moon is turning away, there is no romance left in her life. She is not sure what she wants, is it pleasurable or sad. The dark hills are the barriers, which are preventing her from being with the person her loves. This could be because they are physically a long way apart or, have little in common mentally or emotionally. This poem Words, Wide Night is an impossible song of desire that you cannot here, suggesting that their love will never come to anything as her lover if he exists, will never understand her, or even read this poem. This is different to the end of Shakespeares sonnet18, where the poem was written to keep the lover alive forever. Duffy and Shakespeare approach love in similar ways both mentioning things such as the moon although each in a different context. Duffy gives an impression through both her poems that love is too hard to be described and really isnt just wonderful, basically telling the truth as Shakespeare did in sonnet 130. However he didnt tell the truth in sonnet 18 although it is a very flattering poem.